Ecology

New modeling studies suggest that birds migrate to strike a favorable balance between their input and output of energy.

For decades, researchers have commonly assumed that higher oxygen levels led to the sudden diversification of animal life 540 million years ago. But one iconoclast argues the opposite: that new animal behaviors raised oxygen levels and remade the environment.

Modelers find evidence that a combination of competition, predation and evolution will push ecosystems toward species diversity anywhere in the universe.

To assess the ocean’s health, ecology’s “rugged individualists” learned to get with the big data program.

A disarmingly simple model of ecology does everything well — except predict how rapidly nature can change. Can it become more realistic while still avoiding all of biology’s messy complexities?

Scientists are homing in on a warning signal that arises in complex systems like ecological food webs, the brain and the Earth’s climate. Could it help prevent future catastrophes?

Complex natural systems defy analysis using a standard mathematical toolkit, so one ecologist is throwing out the equations.

The biologist Nancy Moran has spent a career investigating the surprising nature of symbiosis, a phenomenon in which two species can appear to merge into one.

The soil teems with billions of hidden microbes. Researchers have begun to catalog how these organisms are changing the world.